Yearly Plan Biology Form 4
YEARLY PLAN
BIOLOGY FORM 4 2014
Theme 1: Introducing Biology
Learning Area: 1.0 Introduction to Biology
Week
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Learning Objectives/ Learning Outcomes
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Remarks
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1
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1.1 Understanding the study of Biology A student is able to
- State what the study of Biology is
- Explain the importance of Biology
- List the different fields of study in Biology
- List the careers related to Biology
- State various ways of studying Biology
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2
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1.2 Applying scientific investigationsA student is able to
- Identify variables in a given situation
- Identify the relationship between two variables to form a hypothesis
- Design and carry out a simple experiment to test a hypothesis
- Record and present data in a suitable form
- Interpret data to draw conclusions
- Write a report on a experiment
- Practice scientific attitudes and noble values
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Theme 2: Investigation the cell as a basic unit of living things
Learning Area: 1.0 Cell Structure and cell organisation
Week
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Learning Objectives/ Learning Outcomes
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Remarks
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3
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1.1 Understanding cell structure and functionA student is able to
- Draw and label an animal cell
- Draw and label a plant cell
- Identify the cellular components of an animal cell
- Identify the cellular components of a plant cell
- State the functions of the cellular components in an animal cell
- State the functions of the cellular components in a plant cell
- Compare and contrast an animal cell and a plant cell
- Relate the density of certain organelles with the functions of specific cells
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4
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1.2 Understanding cell organisationA student is able to
- State the necessity for cell specialization in multicellular organism as compared to unicellular organism
- Describe cell specialization in multicellular organisms
- Describe cell organization in the formation of tissues, organs and systems in multicellular organisms
- State the meaning of internal environment
- Identify factors affecting the internal environment
- Explain the necessity to maintain optimal internal environment
- Describe the involvement of various systems in maintaining optimal internal environment
1.3 Appreciating the uniqueness of the cell
A student is able to
- Predict the state of certain cells without a particular cellular component
- Illustrate that most cells are specialised for the job that they perform
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Theme 2: Investigating the cell as a basic unit of living things
Learning Area: 2.0 Movement of substances across the plasma membrane
Week |
Learning Objectives/ Learning Outcomes
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Remarks
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5
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2.1 Analysing the movement of substances across the plasma membraneA student is able to:
- State the substances required by living cells,
- State the substances that have to be eliminated from cells,
- Explain the necessity for movement of substances across the plasma membrane,
- Describe the structure of the plasma membrane
- Describe the permeability of the plasma membrane
- Explain the movement of soluble substances across the plasma membrane through the process of passive transport.
- Explain the movement of water molecules across the plasma membrane by osmosis
- Explain the movement of substances across the plasma membrane through the process of active transport.
- Explain the process of passive transport in living organisms using examples
- Explain the process of active transport in living organism using examples.
- Compare and contrast passive transport and active transport.
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6
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2.2 Understanding the movement of substances across the plasma membrane in everyday life.A student is able to:
- explain what hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic solutions are,
- explain the effects of hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic solutions on plant cell and animal cell
- explain plasmolysis, deplasmolysis, haemolysis and crenation
- Design an experiment to determine the concentration of external solution which is isotonic to cell sap.
- Make an inference on the concentration of cell sap in plant tissues
- Relate the movement of substances across plasma membrane with concentration gradient
- Explain the phenomenon of the wilting in plants using examples
- Explain the preservation of food using examples
2.3 Appreciating the movement of substances across the plasma membrane
A student is able to:
- explain the necessity of movement of substances across the plasma membrane which occurs in a continuous and controlled manner for survival of a cell
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Theme 2: Investigating the cell as a basic unit of living things
Learning Area: 3.0 Chemical composition of the cell
Week |
Learning Objectives/ Learning Outcomes
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Remarks
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7
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3.1 Understanding the chemical composition of the cell.A student is able to:
- State the element in the cell
- List the chemical compound in the cell
- Explain the importance of organic compound in the cell,
- Explain the importance of water in the cell.
3.2 Understanding carbohydrates
A student is able to:
- State the element in carbohydrates,
- State the types of carbohydrates,
- Explain the formation and breakdown of disaccharides and polysaccharides.
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8
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3.3 Understanding proteinsA student is able to:
- State the elements in proteins,
- State the various structures of proteins,
- Explain the formation and breakdown of dipeptides and polypeptides,
- Explain the meaning of essential amino acids and non-essential amino acids.
3.4 Understanding lipids
A student is able to:
- State the elements in lipids,
- State the main types of lipids,
- State the components of fats and oils,
- Explain the formation and breakdown of fats and oils,
- Compare and contrast saturated fats and unsaturated fats.
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9,10
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3.5 Understanding enzymesA student is able to:
- State what enzymes are,
- Explain why enzymes are needed in life processes,
- List the general characteristics of enzymes,
- Relate the name of enzyme to substrate,
- State sites where enzymes are synthesised,
- State the meaning of intracellular enzymes and extracellular enzymes,
- Explain the involvement of specific organelles in the production of extracellular enzymes,
- Explain the effects of pH, temperature, enzyme concentration, and substrate concentration on enzyme activity,
- Explain the mechanisms of enzyme action,
- Relate the mechanism of enzyme action with pH, temperature, enzyme concentration and substrate concentration,
- Explain the uses of enzymes in daily life and industry using examples.
3.6 Realising the importance of the chemical composition in cells.
A student is able to:
- Predict the consequences of deficiency in carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, or enzymes in the cell
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11,12
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MID SEMESTER 1 EXAM
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13
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MID SEMESTER 1 HOLIDAY
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Theme 2: Investigating the cell as a basic unit of living thing
Theme: 4.0 Cell division
Week
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Learning Objectives/ Learning Outcomes
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Remarks
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14
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4.1 Understanding mitosis A student is able to
- State the necessity for the production of new cells in organisms
- Explain the necessity for the production of new cells identical to parent cells
- State the significance of mitosis
- Identify the phases in the cell cycle
- Explain the process of mitosis and cytokinesis
- Arrange the various stages of mitosis in the correct sequence
- Compare and contrast mitosis in animal cell and plant cell
- Explain the importance of controlled mitosis
- Explain the effects of uncontrolled mitosis in living things
- Describe the application of knowledge on mitosis in cloning
- Explain the advantages and disadvantages of cloning
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15
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4.2 Understanding meiosisA student is able to:
- State the necessity of trait inheritance in offspring for continuation of life.
- State the necessity to maintain diploid chromosomal number from generation to generation
- State the necessity for production of haploid gametes
- State the significance of meiosis
- Identify the type of cell that undergoes meiosis
- Explain the process of meiosis
- Arrange the various stages of meiosis in the correct order
- Compare and contrast meiosis I and meiosis
4.3 Appreciating the movement of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis
A student is able to:
- Describe what will happen when the movement of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis do not occur in an orderly manner
- Know and avoid things that maybe harmfulII
- Compare and contrast meiosis and mitosis
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Theme 3: Investigating the Physiology of Living Things
Learning Area: 1.0 Nutrition
Week
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Learning Objectives/ Learning Outcomes
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Remarks
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16
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1.1 Understanding types of nutritionA student is able to:
- States the types of nutrition
- Explain autotrophic nutrition
- Explain heterotrophic nutrition
- Classify organisms according to the types of nutrition
1.2 Applying the concept of balanced diet
A student is able to:
- Explain the necessity for a balanced diet
- Explain the factors affecting the daily energy requirement of the human body
- Determine the energy value in food samples
- Determine the nutrient content in different food samples
- Explain the functions and sources of vitamins in a diet to maintain health
- Explain the functions and sources of roughage/dietary fibre in a in a diet
- Explain the functions of water in the body
- Justify the selection of an appropriate balanced diet for a target group
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17
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1.3 Understanding malnutritionA student is able to:
- Explain what malnutrition is
- Explain the effects of malnutrition using examples
- Describe ways to reduce the chance of contracting certain health problems due to one’s diet
- Describe ways to reduce the effects of certain health problems
1.4 Analysing food digestion
A student is able to:
- State the substances required by cell to carry out metabolic processes
- List the complex substances that need to be digested
- Explain the necessity for digestion of complex substances
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18
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- Draw and label the human digestive system
- State the digestive juices and substances that aid in the process of digestion in human
- Describe the function of the digestive juices and substances
- Explain the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids in the human body
- Identify parts of digestive system in ruminants and rodents involved in the digestion of cellulose
- Describe the digestion of cellulose in ruminants and rodents
- Compare and contrast the digestive process in humans, ruminants and rodents
- Design experiments to study the digestion of starch and proteins in food samples
- Describe problems related to food digestion
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19
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1.5 Understanding the processes of absorption and assimilation of digested food.A student is able to:
- Identify the parts of the digestive system involved in absorption of digested food
- Explain the adaptive characteristic of the digestive system related to absorption
- Draw and label the structure of a villus
- Explain the process of absorption in the villus
- Make an analogy on the process of absorption in the small intestine
- Explain the absorption of water and minerals in the colon
- Describe the transport of nutrients by the circulatory system for assimilation
- Explain the main functions of the liver
- Describe the process of assimilation
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19
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1.6 Understanding the formation of faeces and defecationA student is able to:
- Identify the part of the digestive system where the formation of faeces takes place
- Describe the formation of faeces
- Explain the role of microorganisms in the colon and the effect of antibiotics on them
- Explain what defecation is
- Explain the importance of defecation
- Explain the importance of high fibre diets
- Describe the problems related to defecation
1.7 Evaluating eating habits
A student is able to:
- relate eating habits with health problem
- evaluate critically whether a particular eating habit is good or bad
1.8 Realising the importance of a healthy digestive system
A student is able to:
- predict the effects of a defective digestive system on health
take care of the digestive system for one’s well- being |
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20,21
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SEMESTER 1 EXAMINATION
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22,23,24
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MID-YEAR HOLIDAY
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25
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1.9 Understanding the importance of macronutrients and micronutrients in plantsA student is able to:
- list elements required by plants
- classify elements required by plants based on the amount needed
- design an experiment to study the effects of macronutrient deficiency in plants
- relate the effects of macronutrient deficiency with the function of macronutrients
- explain the function of each macronutrient in plants
- state the function of micronutrients in plants
- state the effects of micronutrient deficiency in plants
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26
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1.10 Understanding photosynthesisA student is able to:
- describe the development that leads to the discovery of photosynthesis
- state the substances required for photosynthesis
- draw and label the cross-section of a leaf
- state the function of each part of the leaf with respect to photosynthesis
- explain leaf adaptation to optimise photosynthesis
- explain how plants from different habitats are adapted to carry out photosynthesis
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26
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1.11 Understanding the mechanism of photosynthesisA student is able to:
- identify the parts of chloroplast related to photosynthesis
- explain the light reaction of photosynthesis
- explain the dark reaction of photosynthesis
- compare and contrast light reaction and dark reaction in photosynthesis
- relate light reaction with dark reaction in photosynthesis
- write an equation to represent the process of photosynthesis
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27
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1.12 Synthesising factors affecting photosynthesisA student is able to:
- identify the factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis
- design an experiment to investigate the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis
- identify the factor that limits the rate of photosynthesis at different light intensity
- explain the effects of temperature and concentration of carbon dioxide on the rate of photosynthesis
- explain the difference in the rate of photosynthesis in plants throughout the day based on the changes in light intensity and temperature
- identify some ways to meet the need of increasing the productivity of crops based on factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis
1.13 Practising a caring attitude towards plants
A student is able to:
- tell why we need to take good care of plants
- identify cases of mishandling or destruction of plants
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28
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1.14 Understanding the technology used in food productionA student is able to:
- explain the need for improving the quality and quantity of food
- explain the effort to diversity food product
- explain ways to improve the quality and quantity of food production in the country
1.15 Evaluating the technological development in food processing
A student is able to:
- explain the necessity for food processing
- describe the development of food processing technology
- relate food processing methods with factors causing food spoilage
- Assess the methods of food processing to justify the choice of consuming certain processed food.
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Theme: Investigating the physiology of living of things
Learning Area: 2.0 Respiration
Week
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Learning Objectives/ Learning Outcomes
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Remarks
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29
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2.1 Understanding the respiratory process in energy productionA student should be able to:
- State that all living things require energy
- Identify the main substrate for respiration
- State the two types of respiration
- Explain what cell respiration is
- Explain the energy production from glucose during the process of aerobic respiration
- Write the chemical equation for aerobic respiration
- State the conditions leading to anaerobic respiration is cells
- Explain the process of anaerobic in yeast.
- Explain the process of anaerobic respiration in human muscles
- Write the chemical equation for anaerobic respiration
- Compare and contrast aerobic respiration with anaerobic respiration
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29
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2.2 Analysing the respiratory structures and breathing mechanisms in human and animal A student should be able to:
- State the respiratory structures in human and some animals
- Make an inference on the various adaptations of the respiratory structures
- Describe the characteristics of respiratory surfaces in human and other organisms
- Describe the breathing mechanism in human and other organisms
- Compare and contrast the human respiratory system with that of other organisms.
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30
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2.3 Understanding the concept of gaseous exchange across the respiratory surfaces and transport of gases in humansA student should be able to:
- Describe the process of gaseous exchange across the surface of the alveolus and blood capillaries in the lungs
- Explain the transport of respiratory gases
- Explain the process of gaseous exchange between the blood and body cells
- Distinguish the composition of inhaled and exhaled air.
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30
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2.4 Understanding the regulatory mechanism in respirationA student should be able to:
- Describe the change in rate of respiration after completing a vigorous exercise
- correlate the rate of respiration with the oxygen and carbon dioxide content in the body
- explain the regulatory mechanism of oxygen and carbon dioxide content in the body
- explain the human respiratory response and rate of respiration in different situations
- correlate the rate of respiration with the rate of heart beat
2.5 Realising the importance of maintaining a healthy respiratory system
A student should be able to
- care and maintain efficient function of the respiratory system
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31
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HARI RAYA PUASA HOLIDAY
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32
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2.6 Understanding respiration in plantsA student should be able to:
- describe the energy requirement in plants
- explain the intake of oxygen for respiration
- explain aerobic respiration in plants
- explain anaerobic respiration in plants
- compare and contrast the process of photosynthesis and respiration
- explain what compensation point is
- relate light intensity with the attainment of compensation point
- predict the situation when the rate of photosynthesis and rate of respiration remains at compensation point
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Theme 4: Investigating the Relationship between Living Things and The Environment
Learning Area: 1.0 Dynamic Ecosystem
Week
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Learning Objectives/ Learning Outcomes
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Remarks
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33
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1.1 Understanding the abiotic and biotic components of the environment.A student is able to :
- Identify the abiotic components of an ecosystem
- Identify the biotic components of an ecosystem
- Classify biotic components into trophic levels
- Explain the interactions between biotic components in relation to feeding, using examples
1.2 Understanding the processes of colonization and succession in an ecosystem.
A student is able to :
- State what an ecosystem is
- Identify the niche, habitat , community and population of an ecosystem
- Explain the process of colonisation and succession.
- Identify the pioneer species , successors, dominant species in an ecosystem
- Identify the adaptive characteristics of pioneer species, successors
- Explain the changes in habitat caused by pioneer species, by successors at every level of succession until a climax community is reached.
- Relate the abiotic component with the biotic components in an ecosystem during the processes of colonization and succession.
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34
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1.3 Synthesising ideas on population ecologyA student is able to :
- Identify the appropriate sampling technique to study the population size of an organism.
- Estimate the population size of an organism in a habitat
- Determine the distribution of organisms in a habitat based on the density, frequency and percentage coverage of the species
- Correlate the change in population distribution of an organism with the changes in each of the abiotic factors
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35
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1.4 Understanding the concept of biodiversityA student is able to:
- explain the meaning of biodiversity,
- explain the need for classification of organisms,
- state the five kingdoms used in the classification of organisms,
- identify the main characteristics of organisms in each kingdom,
- list examples of organisms in each kingdom,
- state the hierarchy in the classification of organisms, using examples,
- explain through examples, the method of naming organisms using the Linnaeus binomial system,
- explain the importance of biodiversity.
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36,37
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MID SEMESTER 2 EXAM
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38
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MID SEMESTER 2 HOLIDAY
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39
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1.5 Understanding the impact of microorganisms on lifeA student is able to:
- Classify various types of microorganisms based on their basic characteristics,
- State the abiotic components affecting the activity of microorganisms,
- Explain the effect of a change in each abiotics component on the activity of microorganisms,
- Explain the role of useful microorganisms
- Explain the effect of harmful microorganisms,
- Explain the meaning of pathogen,
- Identify the pathogen, vector and symptoms of one particular disease,
- Explain how the disease spreads,
- Describe the methods for controlling pathogen,
- Explain the use of microorganisms in biotechnology, using examples.
Appreciating biodiversity
A student is able to:
- Justify the importance of preservation and conservation of biodiversity.
- Preserve and conserve various living things around him/her
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Theme 4: Investigation the Relationship between Living Things and The Environment
Learning Area: 2.0 Endangered Ecosystems
Week |
Learning Objectives/ Learning Outcomes
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Remarks
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40-41
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2.1 Evaluating human activities that endanger an ecosystemA student is able to
- Identify human activities that threaten the ecosystem
- Explain the impact of human activities on the ecosystem
- Evaluate critically the effects of unplanned development and mismanagement of the ecosystem
- Describe types of pollution and source of pollution
- Explain the effects of pollution on living things and the environment
- Compare and contrast pollutants in the air from different environments
- Relating the level of water pollution with Biochemical Oxygen Demand ( BOD ) value on water from different sources
- Interpret data on the level of air pollution and water pollution in some cities and some rivers
- Make an inference on the sources of air pollution and water pollution in some cities and some rivers
- Predict the level of air and water pollution in a particular location within the next ten years
- Suggest strategies to solve problems related to air and water pollution in a particular location within the next ten years
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42
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2.2 Understanding the greenhouse effect and thinning of the ozone layerA student is able to :
- Explain greenhouse effect
- Correlate the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere with global warming
- Explain the thinning of the ozone layer
- Explain the impact of thinning of the ozone layer and global warming on the ecosystem
2.3 Realising the importance of proper management of development
A student is able to :
- Justify the need for development
- Explain the effects of increase in population on the ecosystem
- Explain measures taken in the management of development activities and the ecosystem to ensure a balance of nature is maintained
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43,44,45
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SEMESTER 2 EXAMINATION
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46 ,47
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REVISION
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48 – 52
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YEAR END HOLIDAY
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